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# datatime库计算当前时间||其他时间运算

## python之datatime模块计算当前时间的其他时间相关运算

#### 1、计算当前时间

```python
import datetime

print(datetime.datetime.now())
# 2022-07-25 19:52:27.479555

# 格式化时间
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 19:52:27
```

#### 2、计算当前时间的前一天/后一天

```python
import datetime

# 当前时间
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 19:57:51

# 当前时间的后一天
print((datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-26 19:57:51

# 当前时间的前一天
print((datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-24 19:57:51
```

#### 3、计算当前时间的前一小时/后一小时

```python
import datetime

# 当前时间
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 20:00:20

# 当前时间的前一小时
print((datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 21:00:20

# 当前时间的后一小时
print((datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 19:00:20
```

#### 4、计算当前时间的前一分钟/后一分钟

```python
import datetime

# 当前时间
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 20:03:41

# 当前时间的前一分钟
print((datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 20:04:41

# 当前时间的后一分钟
print((datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 20:02:41
```

#### 5、计算当前时间的前一秒/后一秒

```python
import datetime

# 当前时间
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 20:03:41

# 当前时间的前一分钟
print((datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 20:04:41

# 当前时间的后一分钟
print((datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
# 2022-07-25 20:02:41
```

#### 6、计算两个时间不同天数的时间差

```python
from datetime import datetime

time_1 = '2020-03-02 15:00:00'
time_2 = '2020-03-03 16:00:00'

time_1_struct = datetime.strptime(time_1, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
time_2_struct = datetime.strptime(time_2, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

print(time_1_struct)

print(time_2_struct)

total_seconds = (time_2_struct - time_1_struct).total_seconds()
print('两个时间（不同天）的相差的秒数：', int(total_seconds))

min_sub = total_seconds / 60
print('两个时间（不同天）的相差的分钟数：', int(min_sub))

min_days = (datetime(year=2010, month=3, day=1) - datetime(year=2010, month=2, day=1)).days
print('两个时间（不同天）的相差的天数：', min_days)
```

#### 7、获取所在当月的日期

```python
import datetime

present_date = datetime.datetime.now().day

print('本月当前日期：', present_date)
# 本月当前日期： 26
```

#### 8、获取所在当前月份

```python
import datetime

present_month = datetime.datetime.now().month


print('当前月份：', present_month)
# 当前月份： 7
```

#### 9、获取所在当前年份

```python
import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()
print('当前时间：', now)
# 当前时间： 2022-07-26 11:15:30.104951
present_year = datetime.datetime.now().year
print('当前年份：', present_year)
# 当前年份： 2022
```

#### 10、获取当前时间的三天前的此时

```python
import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()
print('当前时间：', now)
# 当前时间： 2022-07-26 11:19:22.759510

three_days_ago = now + datetime.timedelta(-3)
print('当前时间三天前此时：', three_days_ago)
# 当前时间三天前此时： 2022-07-23 11:19:22.759510
```

#### 11、获取当前时间三天n分n秒前的时间

```python
import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()
print('当前时间：', now)
# 当前时间： 2022-07-26 11:24:39.188088

three_days_ago = now + datetime.timedelta(-3)
print('当前时间三天前此时：', three_days_ago)
# 当前时间三天前此时： 2022-07-23 11:24:39.188088

that_time_1 = now + datetime.timedelta(days=-3, minutes=-12, seconds=0)
print('当前时间三天12分0秒前的时间：', that_time_1)
# 当前时间三天12分0秒前的时间： 2022-07-23 11:12:39.188088

that_time_2 = now + datetime.timedelta(days=-10, minutes=-20, seconds=-30)
print('当前时间10天20分30秒前的时间：', that_time_2)
# 当前时间10天20分30秒前的时间： 2022-07-16 11:04:09.188088

that_time_3 = now + datetime.timedelta(days=10, minutes=20, seconds=30)
print('当前时间的10天20分30秒后的时间：', that_time_3)
# 当前时间的10天20分30秒后的时间： 2022-08-05 11:45:09.188088
```

#### 12、获取当前时间的昨天/明天日期

```python
import datetime
from datetime import timedelta

# 获取今天日期：

# 返回datetime格式:
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26 11:58:01.523623

# 返回datetime格式：
now = datetime.datetime.now().date()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26

now = datetime.date.today()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26

# 获取昨天日期：
yesterday = now + timedelta(days=-1)
print(yesterday)
# 2022-07-25

yesterday = now - timedelta(days=1)
print(yesterday)
# 2022-07-25

# 获取明天日期
tomorrow = now + timedelta(days=1)
print(tomorrow)
# 2022-07-27
```

#### 13、获取当前时间的本周第一天和本周最后一天

```python
import datetime
from datetime import timedelta

# 获取今天日期：

# 返回datetime格式:
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26 11:58:01.523623

# 返回datetime格式：
now = datetime.datetime.now().date()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26

now = datetime.date.today()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26

# 获取本周第一天
this_week_start = now - timedelta(days=now.weekday())
print(this_week_start)
# 2022-07-25

# 获取本周最后一天
this_week_end = now + timedelta(days=6 - now.weekday())
print(this_week_end)
# 2022-07-31
```

#### 14、获取当前时间的上周第一天和上周最后一天

```python
import datetime
from datetime import timedelta

# 获取今天日期：

# 返回datetime格式:
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26 11:58:01.523623

# 返回datetime格式：
now = datetime.datetime.now().date()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26

now = datetime.date.today()
print(now)
# 2022-07-26

# 获取上周第一天
this_week_start = now - timedelta(days=now.weekday() + 7)
print(this_week_start)
# 2022-07-18

# 获取上周最后一天
this_week_end = now + timedelta(days=6 - now.weekday() + 1)
print(this_week_end)
# 2022-08-01
```

#### 15、获取当前时间的本月第一天和本月最后一天

```python
import calendar
import datetime

# 获取今天日期：

# 返回datetime格式:
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now)
# 2022-08-03 14:09:37.451921

# 返回datetime格式：
now = datetime.datetime.now().date()
print(now, type(now))
# 2022-08-03

now = datetime.date.today()
print(now, type(now))
# 2022-08-03

# 获取本月第一天
this_month_start = datetime.datetime(year=now.year, month=now.month, day=1).date()
print(this_month_start)
# 2022-08-01

# 获取本月最后一天
this_month_end = datetime.datetime(now.year, now.month, calendar.monthrange(now.year, now.month)[1]).date()
print(this_month_end)
# 2022-08-31
```

#### 16、获取当前时间的上月的第一天和上月的最后一天

```python
import calendar
import datetime

# 获取今天日期：

# 返回datetime格式:
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now)
# 2022-08-03 14:09:37.451921

# 返回datetime格式：
now = datetime.datetime.now().date()
print(now, type(now))
# 2022-08-03

now = datetime.date.today()
print(now, type(now))
# 2022-08-03

# 获取上月最后一天
this_month_start = datetime.datetime(year=now.year, month=now.month, day=1).date()
last_month_end = this_month_start - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
print(last_month_end)
# 2022-07-31

# 获取上月第一天
last_month_start = datetime.datetime(last_month_end.year, last_month_end.month, 1).date()
print(last_month_start)
# 2022-07-01
```

#### 17、获取某一日期是星期几

```python
import datetime
import calendar

# print(datetime.date(2023, 4, 13).weekday())
print(datetime.datetime.now())  # 2023-04-13 15:10:01.824637
"""
datetime模块中的方法weekday()可用于检索星期几，结果返回0-6之间的整数，用来代表“星期一”到“星期日”。
"""
print(datetime.datetime.now().weekday())  # 3

week_list = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
print(week_list[datetime.datetime.now().weekday()])  # 星期四

"""
datetime模块中的isoweekday()方法与weekday()方法的工作原理类似，最大的区别是它返回1-7之间的整数，用来代表“星期一”到“星期日”。
"""
print(datetime.datetime.now().isoweekday())  # 4

"""
直接输出日期的英文周名，使用strftime()方法。
"""
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%A"))  # Thursday
"""
如果将代码中的%A改为%a，则输出的是星期几的简写。
"""
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%a"))  # Thu
```

#### 拓展：

* datetime类型时间（datetime）
* 字符串类型时间（str）
* 时间戳类型时间（float）
* 时间元祖类型时间（time.struct\_time）相互转换

```python
#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-


import datetime

import time

# 日期时间字符串
st = "2017-11-23 16:10:10"
print('字符串类型 时间：{}'.format(st), '类型：{}'.format(type(st)))

# 当前日期时间
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
print('datetime类型 时间：{}'.format(dt), '类型：{}'.format(type(dt)))

# 当前时间戳
sp = time.time()
print('时间戳类型 时间：{}'.format(sp), '类型：{}'.format(type(sp)))

# 生成struct_time时间元组
sl = time.localtime()
print('时间元祖类型 时间：{}'.format(sl), '类型：{}'.format(type(sl)))

# 生成format_time格式化时间
sf = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X")
print('格式化类型 时间：{}'.format(sf), '类型：{}'.format(type(sf)))

print('\n')


# 1.把datetime转成字符串
def datetime_toString(time_value: datetime):
    print("1.把datetime.datetime类型时间转成字符串类型时间: ", time_value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
    print(type(time_value), '--->', type(time_value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")), end='\n\n')


# 2.字符串转成datetime
def string_toDatetime(time_value: str):
    print("2.把字符串类型时间转成datetime类型时间: ", datetime.datetime.strptime(time_value, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
    print(type(time_value), '--->', str(type(datetime.datetime.strptime(time_value, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))), end='\n\n')


# 3.字符串转成时间戳形式
def string_toTimestamp(time_value: str):
    print("3.把字符串类型时间转成时间戳类型时间:", time.mktime(time.strptime(time_value, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))
    print(type(time_value), '--->', str(type(time.mktime(time.strptime(time_value, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))), end='\n\n')


# 4.时间戳转成字符串形式
def timestamp_toString(time_value: float):
    print("4.把时间戳类型时间转成字符串类型时间: ", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time_value)))
    print(str(type(time_value)), '--->', type(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time_value))),
          end='\n\n')


# 5.datetime类型转时间戳形式
def datetime_toTimestamp(time_value: datetime):
    print("5.把datetime类型时间转成时间戳类型时间:", time.mktime(time_value.timetuple()))
    print(str(type(time_value)), '--->', type(time.mktime(time_value.timetuple())), end='\n\n')



# 1.把datetime转成字符串
datetime_toString(dt)

# 2.把字符串转成datetime
string_toDatetime(st)

# 3.把字符串转成时间戳形式
string_toTimestamp(st)

# 4.把时间戳转成字符串形式
timestamp_toString(sp)

# 5.把datetime类型转外时间戳形式
datetime_toTimestamp(dt)
```


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