外部Prometheus监控k8s集群资源

Prometheus监控k8s资源

通过Prometheus监控k8s集群中各种资源：如微服务,容器资源指标并在Grafana显示

思路

可以通过外部prometheus通过连接apiserver去监控k8s集群内指标。（前提k8s集群内安装好相应的exports）
可以通过部署kube-prometheus(集群内部起了一套监控) 在通过联邦的方式,进行监控。

以下采用外部prometheus监控cadvisor,kube-state-metrics来获取k8s集群指标资源

准备工作

1、插件介绍

想要监控k8s比较全面的资源指标，我们需要在集群内安装相应的exports，这要借助cadvisor,kube-state-metrics

cadvisor: 集成在kubelet内，不需要单独去安装了,它可以收集集群内容器的cpu,内存等指标
kube-state-metrics：轮询api-server，监听 add delete update等事件,换句话说光有cadvisor这些基本指标去监控,维度是不够的对于deployment，Pod、daemonset、cronjob等k8s资源对象并没有监控，比如：当前replace是多少？Pod当前状态（pending or running?）cadvisor并没有对具体的资源对象就行监控，因此就需引用新的exports来暴漏监控指标，kube-state-metrics

2、kube-state-metrics安装部署

下载kube-state-metrics安装包

注意：我的k8s版本为v1.23.6 所以,要在github上看下说明,根据自己k8s的版本按实际情况来选择kube-state-metrics的版本

kube-state-metrics_v2.2.1 下载地址

https://github.com/starsliao/Prometheus/tree/master/kubernetes

将安装包上传至服务器

部署kube-state-metrics

[root@master1 kube-state-metrics_v2.2.1]# pwd
/tmp/Prometheus/kubernetes/kube-state-metrics_v2.2.1

[root@master1 kube-state-metrics_v2.2.1]# tree
.
├── cluster-role-binding.yaml
├── cluster-role.yaml
├── deployment.yaml
├── service-account.yaml
└── service.yaml

0 directories, 5 files

按需修改service.yml 中暴露端口，修改后如下：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
#  annotations:
#    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v2.2.1
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: ops-monit
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http-metrics
    port: 8080
    targetPort: http-metrics
    nodePort: 30866
  - name: telemetry
    port: 8081
    targetPort: telemetry
    nodePort: 30867
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics

在k8s集群中部署

kubectl create namespace ops-monit
cd kube-state-metrics
kubectl apply -f .

暴露端口（采集监控信息）

加上: --read-only-port=10255

(base) [root@master2 ansible]# cat /var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS="--network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6 --read-only-port=10255"

获取服务名称

[root@master1 kube-state-metrics_v2.2.1]# more service-account.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v2.2.1
  name: kube-state-metrics          <----- 看这个服务账户
  namespace: ops-monit

获取秘钥名称

[root@master1 kube-state-metrics_v2.2.1]# kubectl get sa kube-state-metrics -n ops-monit -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"ServiceAccount","metadata":{"annotations":{},"labels":{"app.kubernetes.io/name":"kube-state-metrics","app.kubernetes.io/version":"v2.2.1"},"name":"kube-state-metrics","namespace":"ops-monit"}}
  creationTimestamp: "2024-03-16T05:27:36Z"
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v2.2.1
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: ops-monit
  resourceVersion: "34964"
  uid: 35302daa-1b1a-4310-8629-127f63da54eb
secrets:
- name: kube-state-metrics-token-n2lbl       <------ 下一步获取这个秘钥名字的 token

获取token信息

[root@master1 kube-state-metrics_v2.2.1]# kubectl describe secret kube-state-metrics-token-n2lbl -n ops-monit
Name:         kube-state-metrics-token-n2lbl
Namespace:    ops-monit
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kube-state-metrics
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 35302daa-1b1a-4310-8629-127f63da54eb

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1099 bytes
namespace:  9 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IklOLTlyYnM0TjZvOThaSUhaRTNMWmlfb01QbWptNTB2QTVTdXVqOU5DWlUifQ.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.ce0mj6th5fLBVj_BXSbiTADYOe33pdtT8_k-KVb0khIIGoV0q0UhklXBTsyKBeBa2eoUBAlvkiqyP-YVy8eLlMVxvKeevA_BE0Z-fDuPvzFTbdlrhkNDER44QRNzFHkdSmKR_Z3IM_3QxDhZz6KOuepKOq_Kn6_CcHcLnlkTQgJ8IzkoLa7Nl2TNVarBD-QHpNeEdu1b9i-sU1Ro3Yzva2AlRsmU9AzfZgyY-ZJIsjtKCWUxrbZNw0_287cxKafLQ2ETP57MucODr0WCagpyOMpAZMqDbcgzQH1MoyzcXhsJ9XrroHw_eIrxD3_Ikd7Gy3wBLXrqqi7jfo6u_R8B6Q         <------ 记录这个秘钥，外部Prometheus会用到

3、給予Prometheus調用

prometheus.yml 主配置文件目錄下，創建 k8s.token 名字文件，把上面 Token 信息放進去

4、配置Prometheus

vim prometheus.yml

新增如下内容：

  - job_name: 'k8s-cadvisor'
    scrape_interval: 60s
    scrape_timeout: 60s
    metrics_path: /metrics/cadvisor
    kubernetes_sd_configs:  # kubernetes 自动发现
    - api_server: https://192.168.1.21:6443  # apiserver 地址
      role: node  # node 类型的自动发现
      namespaces:
        names:
        - ops-monit
      bearer_token_file: k8s.token
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: true
    bearer_token_file: k8s.token
    tls_config:
      insecure_skip_verify: true
    relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      regex: '(.*):10250'
      replacement: '${1}:10255'
      target_label: __address__
      action: replace
    - action: labelmap
      regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)

    metric_relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [instance]
      separator: ;
      regex: (.+)
      target_label: node
      replacement: $1
      action: replace

    - source_labels: [pod_name]
      separator: ;
      regex: (.+)
      target_label: pod
      replacement: $1
      action: replace
    - source_labels: [container_name]
      separator: ;
      regex: (.+)
      target_label: container
      replacement: $1
      action: replace

  - job_name: kube-state-metrics-1
    kubernetes_sd_configs:
    - api_server: https://192.168.1.21:6443  # apiserver 地址
      role: endpoints  # node 类型的自动发现
      namespaces:
        names:
        - ops-monit      
      bearer_token_file: k8s.token
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: true
    bearer_token_file: k8s.token
    tls_config:
      insecure_skip_verify: true
    relabel_configs:
    - action: labelmap
      regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
    - separator: ;
      regex: (.*)
      target_label: __address__
      replacement: 192.168.1.21:30866
    - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_label_app_kubernetes_io_name]
      regex: kube-state-metrics
      replacement: $1
      action: keep
    - action: labelmap
      regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
    - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
      action: replace
      target_label: k8s_namespace
    - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
      action: replace
      target_label: k8s_sname
      
  - job_name: kube-state-metrics-2
    kubernetes_sd_configs:
    - api_server: https://192.168.1.21:6443  # apiserver 地址
      role: endpoints  # node 类型的自动发现
      namespaces:
        names:
        - ops-monit
      bearer_token_file: k8s.token
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: true
    bearer_token_file: k8s.token
    tls_config:
      insecure_skip_verify: true
    relabel_configs:
    - action: labelmap
      regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
    - separator: ;
      regex: (.*)
      target_label: __address__
      replacement: 192.168.1.21:30867
    - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_label_app_kubernetes_io_name]
      regex: kube-state-metrics
      replacement: $1
      action: keep
    - action: labelmap
      regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
    - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
      action: replace
      target_label: k8s_namespace
    - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
      action: replace
      target_label: k8s_sname

以上涉及到了一些段落说明一下这是外部prometheus连接k8s集群， 填写apiserver地址 命名空间写kube-state-metrics所在的ns空间 通信的token ：在prometheus.yml同级目录创建了个k8s.token的文件，内容为k8s集群中ops-monit空间下的secret---prometheus-token-wq9fd的内容

kubernetes_sd_configs:
    - api_server: https://192.168.1.21:6443  # apiserver 地址
      role: endpoints  # node 类型的自动发现
      namespaces:
        names:
        - ops-monit
      bearer_token_file: k8s.token
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: true
    bearer_token_file: k8s.token
    tls_config:
      insecure_skip_verify: true

5、配置仪表盘

Grafana8.5.27 导入id：13105

一些配置上细节的说明，可以参考模板的说明https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/13105-1-k8s-for-prometheus-dashboard-20211010/

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