# 黑盒-blackbox\_exporter

Github地址： <https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox\\_exporter/tree/master>

### 前提

> 已经拥有存在 prometheus　环境 这里：我已经拥有这个环境，存放目录在　/data

#### 安装blackbox\_exporter

> 具体可以监控哪些： tcp、icmp、http、post, 具体看 blackbox.yml 配置

```bash
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.16.0/blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data
mv /data/blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64 /data/blackbox_exporter

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=blackbox_exporter
After=network.target 

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/data/blackbox_exporter
ExecStart=/data/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter \
         --config.file=/data/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start blackbox_exporter && systemctl enable blackbox_exporter
ss -tunlp |grep 9115
# 可访问 ip:9115 查看
```

### **监控主机存活状态**

> 注意： job\_name 必须添加到 scrape\_configs 下 labels -----> 打上标签 replacement ----> 黑盒服务地址

```yaml
# scrape_configs:                  # 若文件存在 scrape_configs，则添加 job_name 内容
  - job_name: 'blackbox_icmp_ping'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 192.168.1.2
        - 192.168.1.3
        labels:
          group: 'icmp_ping'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115
```

### **监控网站状态**

```yaml
# scrape_configs:  
  - job_name: 'blackbox_web_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - http://baidu.com
        - https://baidu.com
        - http://google.com
        - http://google.com:8080
        labels:
          group: 'http_status'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115 
```

### **监控主机端口存活状态**

```yaml
# scrape_configs:  
  - job_name: 'blackbox_tcp_port'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 1.1.1.1:8080
        - 1.1.1.1:6379
        labels:
          group: 'tcp_port'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115 
```

### 接口 post 请求状态检测

> 首先我们要改一下 post 相关接口的 blackbox.yml 配置，我们自己定义一个模块

```yaml
[root@prometheus blackbox]# cat blackbox.yml 
modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
  http_post_2xx:   # 这个模块名称可以自己定义, < 调用的使用，在 prometheus 中写入你自己自定义的模块名称，其他配置一样>
    prober: http
    http:
      method: POST
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json   #添加头部
      body: '{"username":"admin","password":"123456"}'  #发送的相关数据，这里我们以登录接口为例
```

### 如果主机上百个？

```bash
""" 例如原来 prometheus 配置文件
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 1.1.1.1:8080
        - 1.1.1.1:6379
        labels:
          group: 'tcp_port'
"""
||
""" 更改后 prometheus  配置文件
file_sd_configs: 
  - refresh_interval: 10s
    files: 
      - "/data/prometheus/rules/blackbox*.yml"
"""
```

#### 存放位置

> ls /data/prometheus/rules/ icmp 存放文件： blackbox-icmp.yml http 存放文件： blackbox-http.yml tcp 存放文件： blackbox-tcp .yml

**格式例如**

```yaml
# icmp 、http、tcp 格式一样, 例如 tcp.yml
[root@prometheus blackbox]# cd /data/prometheus/rules/
[root@prometheus rules]# cat blackbox_tcp.yml 
- targets:
  - 1.1.1.1:8080
  - xxxx
  labels:
    group: 'tcp_port'
```

#### 告警规则

* icmp、tcp、http、post 监测是否正常可以观察 probe\_success 这一指标
* probe\_success == 0 # 连通性异常
* probe\_success == 1 # 连通性正常
* 告警也是判断这个指标是否等于 0，如等于 0 则触发异常报警

定制告警规则

```bash
[root@prometheus rules]#  cat alert-rules.yml
groups:
- name: blackbox_network_stats
  rules:
  - alert: blackbox_network_stats
    expr: probe_success == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: "接口/主机/端口 {{ $labels.instance }}  无法连通"
      description: "请尽快检测"
```

#### 大屏显示Grafana

> 使用摸版编码为： 9965， 可以以此摸版为参考，自定义漂亮的摸版 <个人9965觉得不太好看> 更多摸版：<https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards>

```bash
# 注意： 使用 9965 需要安装Grafana插件，不然会报错：Panel plugin not found: grafana-piechart-panel
grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel
```


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