15、MySQL8.0锁情况排查

在数据库中，除传统的计算资源(CPU、RAM、IO)的争用以外，数据也是一种供许多用户共享的资源。如何保证数据并发访问的一致性、有效性是所有数据库必须解决的一个问题，锁冲突也是影响数据库并发访问性能的一个重要因素。从这个角度来说，锁对教据库而言显得尤其重要，也更加复杂。

本文将通过实验介绍MySQL8.0版锁该如何排查，以及找到阻塞的sql语句，实验的MySQL版本为8.0.26，隔离级别为RR。

1.MySQL8.0版本锁情况排查核心表

information_schema.innodb_trx  ##正在运行的事务信息。
sys.innodb_lock_waits          ##处于锁等待的关联事务信息。
performance_schema.threads     ##SQL线程及线程号、进程号、OS线程号等信息1.2.3.

2.行锁监控语句及排查步骤

# 确认有没有锁等待:
show status like 'innodb_row_lock%';
select * from information_schema.innodb_trx;

# 查询锁等待详细信息
select * from sys.innodb_lock_waits; ----> blocking_pid(锁源的连接线程)

# 通过连接线程ID找SQL线程语句
select * from performance_schema.threads;

# 通过SQL线程找到SQL语句
select * from performance_schema.events_statements_history;

3.测试验证

mysql> use world;
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_world |
+-----------------+
| city            |
| country         |
| countrylanguage |
+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.1 分别开启两个窗口（session1,session2）

s1:
# 加排他锁
mysql> begin;
mysql> select * from world.city where id=1 for update;

s2:
# 加排他锁
mysql> begin;
mysql> update city  set name='girl' where id=1;
执行完处于夯住状态，默认50秒会超时回滚。
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

mysql> set innodb_lock_wait_timeout=5000;    ##锁等待超时参数,这里设置为5000便于测试.
mysql> update city  set name='girl' where id=1;

3.2 再开一个窗口s3，查看锁状态

mysql> use information_schema;
mysql> select trx_id,trx_state,trx_started,trx_tables_locked,trx_rows_locked from innodb_trx\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           trx_id: 8995        ##刚刚运行的第二个语句事务ID
        trx_state: LOCK WAIT   ##处于锁等待状态
      trx_started: 2022-12-23 16:00:42
trx_tables_locked: 1          ##锁了1张表
  trx_rows_locked: 2     ##锁了2行
*************************** 2. row ***************************
           trx_id: 8994       ##刚刚运行的第一个语句事务ID
        trx_state: RUNNING    ##获得锁的状态
      trx_started: 2022-12-23 15:59:41
trx_tables_locked: 1
  trx_rows_locked: 1
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from sys.innodb_lock_waits\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                wait_started: 2022-12-23 16:01:57
                    wait_age: 00:00:52
               wait_age_secs: 52
                locked_table: `world`.`city`
         locked_table_schema: world
           locked_table_name: city
      locked_table_partition: NULL
   locked_table_subpartition: NULL
                locked_index: PRIMARY
                 locked_type: RECORD
              waiting_trx_id: 8995
         waiting_trx_started: 2022-12-23 16:00:42
             waiting_trx_age: 00:02:07
     waiting_trx_rows_locked: 2
   waiting_trx_rows_modified: 0
                 waiting_pid: 33
               waiting_query: update city  set name='girl' where id=1
             waiting_lock_id: 140190433225944:16:6:2:140190349859736
           waiting_lock_mode: X,REC_NOT_GAP
             blocking_trx_id: 8994   ##阻塞者事务ID
                blocking_pid: 32     ##阻塞者进程ID, show processlist可查;
              blocking_query: NULL
            blocking_lock_id: 140190433226752:16:6:2:140190349865536
          blocking_lock_mode: X,REC_NOT_GAP
        blocking_trx_started: 2022-12-23 15:59:41
            blocking_trx_age: 00:03:08
    blocking_trx_rows_locked: 1
  blocking_trx_rows_modified: 0
     sql_kill_blocking_query: KILL QUERY 32
sql_kill_blocking_connection: KILL 32   ##解锁方法
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.3 查看进程ID为32的进程，无法显示当前执行的SQL语句

mysql> show processlist;
+----+-----------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Id | User            | Host            | db                 | Command | Time  | State                  | Info                                    |
+----+-----------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
|  5 | event_scheduler | localhost       | NULL               | Daemon  | 27235 | Waiting on empty queue | NULL                                    |
| 29 | root            | localhost:43074 | information_schema | Query   |     0 | init                   | show processlist                        |
| 32 | root            | localhost:43080 | world              | Sleep   |   248 |                        | NULL                                    |
| 33 | root            | localhost:43082 | world              | Query   |   112 | updating               | update city  set name='girl' where id=1 |
+----+-----------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.4 查看进程ID为32的进程对应的SQL线程ID

mysql> select thread_id,processlist_id from performance_schema.threads where processlist_id=32;
+-----------+----------------+
| thread_id | processlist_id |
+-----------+----------------+
|        75 |             32 |
+-----------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.5 根据线程ID 75，找到真正执行的SQL语句

mysql> select thread_id,sql_text from performance_schema.events_statements_history where thread_id=75\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: NULL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: NULL
*************************** 4. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: show tables
*************************** 5. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: set autocommit=0
*************************** 6. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: begin
*************************** 7. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: select * from world.city where id=1 for update
*************************** 8. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: NULL
*************************** 9. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: show databases
*************************** 10. row ***************************
thread_id: 75
 sql_text: show tables
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

找到select * from world.city where id=1 for update语句，确认后如果没问题可以kill掉。

3.6 处理锁源SQL对应的连接线程

kill  32;

3.7 通过设置回滚申请锁的事务的时间，让处于等待的事务回滚，解决锁冲突

set innodb_lock_wait_timeout=500;  #设置回滚申请锁的事务的时间。1.

4.innodb_lock_wait_timeout参数

innodb_lock_wait_timeout指的是事务等待获取资源等待的最长时间，超过这个时间还未分配到资源则会返回应用失败；

参数的时间单位是秒，最小可设置为1s，最大可设置1073741824秒（34年）,默认安装时这个值是50s.

当锁等待超过设置时间的时候，就会报如下的错误；

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction1.

参数支持范围为session和global，且支持动态修改，所以可以通过两种方法修改；

• 通过语句修改

set innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50;
set global innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50;
注意global的修改对当前线程是不生效的，只有建立新的连接才生效1.2.3;

• 修改参数文件/etc/my.cnf

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50;